Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a 150 kDa peroxidase enzyme found predominantly in neutrophil granulocytes. It consists of two light chains (15 kDa) and two variable-weight glycosylated heavy chains (60kDa) bound to a prosthetic heme group. Myeloperoxidase plays the key role in antimicrobial oxygen-dependent activity of neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase is present in high concentrations in the cytoplasmic granuals of polymorphonuclear leuolcytes. Three isoforms of Myeloperoxidase have been identified, differing in the size of the heavy chains.
In diagnostics, myeloperoxidase has been shown to be of use to predict myocardial infarction. Unlike other established cardiac markers, such as Troponin T, CK-MB and CRP, MPO levels can pinpoint high risk cardiac patients in the absence of myocardial necrosis. In addition, MPO staining is important in the diagnosis of extramedullary leukemia (chloroma).
Myeloperoxidase antibodies are measured as a sub-component of the ANCA screen used in the diagnosis of vasculitis. MPO antibodies are found particularly in glomerulonephritis. SCIPAC myeloperoxidase antibodies have been tested inwestern blot and ELISA assay.
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